Fig. 4

Development of the 40-keV VMI-based radiomics nomogram and its performance. Mapping a line upwards based on the actual values of each variable onto the Points scale is performed to determine the score for each variable. The scores for all variables are then summed, and a line is drawn downwards to establish the overall score on the column chart, denoted as the Total Points. This process is used to predict the Risk probability of a patient having advanced-stage pancreatic cancer