Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients
Parameter | Model development dataset | External validation dataset | P | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training | Validation | Test | Overall | P | Hospital 2 | Hospital 3 | Hospital 4 | Overall | P | ||
No. of patients | 919 (79.8) | 116 (10.1) | 116 (10.1) | 1151 | - | 237 (59.1) | 66 (16.5) | 98 (24.4) | 401 | - | - |
No. of PCa patients | 820 (79.5) | 104 (10.1) | 107 (10.4) | 1031 | - | 164 (58.2) | 52 (18.4) | 66 (23.4) | 282 | - | - |
No. of non-PCa patients | 99 (82.5) | 12 (10.0) | 9 (7.5) | 120 | - | 73 (61.3) | 14 (11.8) | 32 (26.9) | 119 | - | - |
No. of DWI images | 1033 (78.9) | 135 (10.3) | 141 (10.8) | 1309 | - | 237 (59.1) | 66 (16.5) | 98 (24.4) | 401 | - | - |
Age (years) | 70.0 ± 8.3 | 68.5 ± 9.6 | 69.1 ± 8.5 | 69.7 ± 8.5 | 0.971 | 71.33 ± 7.4 | 70.7 ± 7.2 | 72.1 ± 8.5 | 71.4 ± 7.6 | 0.394 | 0.000 |
tPSA (ng/ml) | 16.7 [9.0, 56.4] | 16.5 [8.4, 44.7] | 11.3 [7.4, 43.2] | 16.1 [8.8, 51.2] | 0.262 | 19.1 [9.8, 63.9] | 21.6 [8.4, 100.0] | 16.9 [8.5, 61.4] | 18.9 [9.3, 67.5] | 0.734 | 0.161 |
No. of annotated LNs | 25,335 | 3612 | 3560 | 32,507 | - | 4683 | 1118 | 1905 | 7707 | - | - |
No. of suspicious LNs | 4821 | 725 | 751 | 6297 | - | 818 | 171 | 438 | 1427 | - | - |
Average LNs per patient | 24.8 ± 9.3 | 25.8 ± 8.6 | 26.6 ± 9.3 | 25.1 ± 9.3 | 0.075 | 19.9 ± 8.2 | 16.7 ± 8.2 | 20.5 ± 8.0 | 19.5 ± 8.2 | 0.019 | 0.000 |
Short diameter of largest LNs (cm) | 7.8 [6.0, 9.5] | 8.7 [6.6, 10.3] | 8.2 [6.4, 10.2] | 7.9 [6.1, 9.7] | 0.002 | 9.9 [8.4, 11.4] | 9.9 [7.2, 13.2] | 10.6 [9.2, 13.3] | 10.0 [8.4, 12.1] | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Volume of largest LNs (cm3) | 5.8 [3.7, 11.3] | 6.5 [4.0, 13.1] | 6.0 [4.2, 15.2] | 5.9 [3.8, 11.5] | 0.064 | 0.8 [0.5, 1.3] | 0.8 [0.5, 1.0] | 0.7 [0.4, 1.2] | 0.8 [0.5, 1.3] | 0.120 | 0.000 |