Fig. 7

Radar chart illustrating the diagnostic performance of four CT algorithms. a specific for ccRCC: Considering the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and F1-score comprehensively, the performance of the modified CT-score 2 demonstrates a relatively well-balanced profile. In contrast, the modified CT-score 3 did not exhibit any significant advantages over the original CT-score. b specific for pRCC: The modified CT-score 3 exhibits the highest PPV and F1-score, demonstrating stable overall performance. AUC = area under the curve, PPV = positive predictive value