Table 2 Diagnostic performance of radiomics models for ALK mutation status in the training and validation sets 1–3

GTV

Training set

0.730

(0.654–0.798)

68.57 (24/35)

(52.17–84.97)

67.77 (82/121)

(59.44–76.10)

67.95 (106/156)

(60.63–75.27)

38.10 (24/63)

(26.10-50.09)

88.17 (82/93)

(81.61–94.74)

Validation set 1

0.652

(0.546–0.748)

73.91 (17/23)

(52.17–84.97)

57.14 (40/70)

(45.55–68.74)

61.29 (57/93)

(51.39–71.19)

36.17 (17/47)

(22.43–49.91)

86.96 (40/46)

(77.22–96.69)

Validation set 2

0.693

(0.609–0.768)

72.00 (18/25)

(54.40–89.60)

62.28 (71/114)

(53.38–71.18)

64.03 (89/139)

(56.05–72.01)

29.51 (18/61)

(18.06–40.95)

91.03 (71/78)

(84.68–97.37)

Validation set 3

0.669

(0.576–0.753)

75.00 (18/24)

(57.68–92.32)

59.14 (55/93)

(49.15–69.13)

62.39 (73/117)

(53.62–71.17)

32.14 (18/56)

(19.91–44.37)

90.16 (55/61)

(82.69–97.64)

GPTV₃

Training set

0.872

(0.810–0.920)

82.86 (29/35)

(70.37–95.34)

80.99 (98/121)

(74.00-87.98)

81.41 (127/156)

(75.31–87.52)

55.77 (29/52)

(42.27–69.27)

94.23 (98/104)

(89.75–98.71)

Validation set 1

0.779

(0.681–0.858)

78.26 (18/23)

(61.40-95.12)

68.57 (48/70)

(57.70-79.45)

70.97 (66/93)

(61.74–80.19)

45.00 (18/40)

(29.58–60.42)

90.57 (48/53)

(82.70-98.44)

Validation set 2

0.803

(0.727-865)

76.00 (19/25)

(59.26–92.74)

75.44 (86/114)

(67.54–83.34)

75.54 (105/139)

(68.39–82.69)

40.43 (19/47)

(26.40-54.46)

93.48 (86/92)

(88.43–98.52)

Validation set 3

0.752

(0.664–0.827)

75.00 (18/24)

(57.68–92.32)

68.82 (64/93)

(59.40-78.23)

70.09 (82/117)

(61.79–78.38)

38.30 (18/47)

(24.40–52.20)

91.43 (64/70)

(84.87–97.99)

GPTV₆

Training set

0.766

(0.691–0.830)

80.00 (28/35)

(66.75–93.25)

70.25 (85/121)

(62.10-78.39)

72.44 (113/156)

(65.42–79.45)

43.75 (28/64)

(31.60–55.90)

92.39 (85/92)

(86.97–97.81)

Validation set 1

0.671

(0.566–0.765)

69.57 (16/23)

(50.76–88.37)

65.71 (46/70)

(54.59–76.83)

66.67 (62/93)

(57.09–76.25)

40.00 (16/40)

(24.82–55.18)

86.79 (46/53)

(77.68–95.91)

Validation set 2

0.760

(0.680–0.828)

76.00 (19/25)

(59.26–92.74)

68.42 (78/114)

(59.89–76.95)

69.78 (97/139)

(62.15–77.42)

34.55 (19/55)

(21.98–47.11)

92.86 (78/84)

(87.35–98.36)

Validation set 3

0.726

(0.636–0.805)

79.17 (19/24)

(62.92–95.41)

61.29 (57/93)

(51.39–71.19)

64.96 (76/117)

(56.31–73.60)

34.55 (19/55)

(21.98–47.11)

91.94 (57/62)

(85.16–98.71)

GPTV₉

Training set

0.809

(0.739–0.868)

74.29 (26/35)

(59.81–98.71)

76.03 (92/121)

(68.43–83.64)

75.64 (118/156)

(68.91–82.38)

47.27 (26/55)

(34.08–60.47)

91.09 (92/101)

(85.53–96.65)

Validation set 1

0.713

(0.610–0.802)

82.61 (19/23)

(67.12–98.10)

65.71 (46/70)

(54.59–76.83)

69.89 (65/93)

(60.57–79.22)

44.19 (19/43)

(29.34–59.03)

92.00 (46/50)

(84.48–99.52)

Validation set 2

0.725

(0.643–0.797)

72.00 (18/25)

(54.40–89.60)

67.54 (77/114)

(58.95–76.14)

68.35 (95/139)

(60.61–76.08)

32.73 (18/55)

(20.33–45.13)

91.67 (77/84)

(85.76–97.58)

Validation set 3

0.680

(0.588–0.763)

70.83 (17/24)

(52.65–89.02)

65.59 (61/93)

(55.94–75.25)

66.67 (78/117)

(58.12–75.21)

34.69 (17/49)

(21.37–48.02)

89.71 (61/68)

(82.48–96.93)

GPTV₁₂

Training set

0.764

(0.690–0.828)

77.14 (27/35)

(63.23–91.05)

68.60 (83/121)

(60.32–76.87)

70.51 (110/156)

(63.36–77.67)

41.54 (27/65)

(29.56–53.52)

91.21 (83/91)

(85.39–97.03)

Validation set 1

0.645

(0.539–0.741)

73.91 (17/23)

(55.97–91.86)

67.14 (47/70)

(56.14–78.15)

68.82 (64/93)

(59.40-78.23)

42.50 (17/40)

(27.18–57.82)

88.68 (47/53)

(80.15–97.21)

Validation set 2

0.690

(0.606–0.766)

80.00 (20/25)

(64.32–95.68)

57.02 (65/114)

(47.93–66.11)

61.15 (85/139)

(53.05–69.25)

28.99 (20/69)

(18.28–39.69)

92.86 (65/70)

(86.82–98.89)

Validation set 3

0.633

(0.539–0.720)

62.50 (15/24)

(43.13–81.87)

66.67 (62/93)

(57.09–76.25)

65.81 (77/117)

(57.22–74.41)

32.61 (15/46)

(19.06–46.16)

87.32 (62/71)

(79.58–95.06)

GPTV₁₅

Training set

0.727

(0.650–0.795)

71.43 (25/35)

(56.46–86.40)

68.60 (83/121)

(60.32–76.87)

69.23 (108/156)

(61.99–76.47)

39.68 (25/63)

(27.60-51.76)

89.25 (83/93)

(82.95–95.54)

Validation set 1

0.629

(0.522–0.727)

60.87 (14/23)

(40.92–80.82)

64.29 (45/70)

(53.06–75.51)

63.44 (59/93)

(53.65–73.23)

35.90 (14/39)

(20.84–50.95)

83.33 (45/54)

(73.39–93.27)

Validation set 2

0.652

(0.567–0.731)

56.00 (14/25)

(36.54–75.46)

67.54 (77/114)

(58.95–76.14)

65.47 (91/139)

(57.56–73.37)

27.45 (14/51)

(15.20–39.70)

87.50 (77/88)

(80.59–94.41)

Validation set 3

0.570

(0.484–0.670)

79.17 (19/24)

(62.92–95.41)

43.01 (40/93)

(32.95–53.07)

50.43 (59/117)

(41.37–59.49)

26.39 (19/72)

(16.21–36.57)

88.89 (40/45)

(79.71–98.07)