Table 6 Subgroup analysis of heterogeneity sources in gastric cancer staging diagnostic accuracy
Analysis | No. of models | Pooled SE(95% CI) | I2(%) | P1 | Pooled SP(95% CI) | I2(%) | P2 | Pooled PLR(95% CI) | I2(%) | P3 | Pooled NLR(95% CI) | I2(%) | P4 | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | ||||||||||||||
 Geographical Regions | ||||||||||||||
Asian | 24 | 0.58 (0.47–0.68) | 95.42 | 0 | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 96.56 | 0 | 27.86 (14.67–52.93) | 94.44 | 0 | 0.43 (0.34–0.55) | 97.21 | 0 | 0.91 |
European and African | 4 | 0.44 (0.15–0.79) | 76.09 | 0.01 | 0.97 (0.90–0.99) | 72.81 | 0.01 | 17.48(5.77–52.92) | 0 | 0.71 | 0.57(0.3–1.1) | 58.79 | 0.06 | 0.93 |
 CTs with varying slice numbers | ||||||||||||||
≥ 64 | 9 | 0.56 (0.39–0.71) | 89.68 | 0 | 0.97 (0.94–0.98) | 71.85 | 0 | 17.87 (8.05–39.66) | 65.8 | 0 | 0.46 (0.31–0.67) | 93.28 | 0 | 0.94 |
< 64 | 19 | 0.56 (0.44–0.68) | 94.22 | 0 | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 96.93 | 0 | 32.75 (16.00–67.04) | 94.79 | 0 | 0.45 (0.34–0.58) | 96.86 | 0 | 0.91 |
 Sample size | ||||||||||||||
≥ 100 | 12 | 0.52(0.36–0.67) | 97.58 | 0 | 0.98 (0.95–0.99) | 98 | 0 | 25.65(11.26–58.45) | 96.29 | 0 | 0.49(0.36–0.67) | 98.43 | 0 | 0.9 |
< 100 | 16 | 0.61(0.48–0.73) | 47.28 | 0.02 | 0.98 (0.95–0.99) | 59.97 | 0 | 25.42(11.47–56.35) | 2.22 | 0.06 | 0.40(0.28–0.56) | 70.01 | 0 | 0.93 |
 Types of Study Design | ||||||||||||||
prospective | 10 | 0.53(0.42–0.63) | 48.25 | 0.04 | 0.98(0.95–0.99) | 80.29 | 0 | 35.14(12.91–95.66) | 41.15 | 0 | 0.48(0.38–0.61) | 54.89 | 0.02 | 0.83 |
retrospective | 18 | 0.57(0.43–0.70) | 97.1 | 0 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 96.19 | 0 | 21.58(11.09–41.97) | 93.91 | 0 | 0.44(0.32–0.61) | 98.5 | 0 | 0.92 |
T2 | ||||||||||||||
 Geographical Regions | ||||||||||||||
Asian | 25 | 0.62 (0.53–0.70) | 85.46 | 0 | 0.90(0.87–0.92) | 80.17 | 0 | 5.95(4.77–7.43) | 72.61 | 0 | 0.43 (0.34–0.54) | 89.41 | 0 | 0.88 |
European and African | 6 | 0.66 (0.44–0.83) | 69.27 | 0.01 | 0.80(0.74–0.85) | 39.1 | 0.15 | 3.28(2.04–5.28) | 0 | 0.15 | 0.42 (0.22–0.80) | 86.4 | 0 | 0.81 |
 CTs with varying slice numbers | ||||||||||||||
≥ 64 | 9 | 0.65(0.50–0.77) | 71.61 | 0 | 0.92(0.88–0.94) | 69.98 | 0 | 7.68(5.61–10.51) | 0 | 0.58 | 0.39(0.37–0.56) | 73.82 | 0 | 0.9 |
< 64 | 22 | 0.62 (0.52–0.72) | 87.05 | 0 | 0.87(0.83–0.89) | 82.98 | 0 | 4.66(3.66–5.91) | 69.57 | 0 | 0.43 (0.34–0.56) | 89.59 | 0 | 0.86 |
 Sample size | ||||||||||||||
≥ 100 | 12 | 0.54(0.43–0.64) | 89.41 | 0 | 0.91(0.89–0.93) | 84.16 | 0 | 6.17(4.62–8.22) | 80.76 | 0 | 0.51(0.40–0.64) | 92.47 | 0 | 0.89 |
< 100 | 19 | 0.71(0.61–0.79) | 52.69 | 0 | 0.85(0.80–0.88) | 55.82 | 0 | 4.66(3.47–6.25) | 9.32 | 0.03 | 0.35(0.25–0.48) | 77.21 | 0 | 0.86 |
 Types of Study Design | ||||||||||||||
prospective | 10 | 0.71(0.61–0.79) | 60.9 | 0.01 | 0.87(0.82–0.91) | 80.85 | 0 | 5.55(4.18–7.37) | 41.94 | 0 | 0.33(0.25–0.44) | 42.93 | 0.07 | 0.87 |
retrospective | 21 | 0.58 (0.47–0.68) | 85.25 | 0 | 0.89(0.85–0.92) | 84.28 | 0 | 5.20(3.87–6.99) | 69.34 | 0 | 0.47(0.37–0.61) | 87.77 | 0 | 0.86 |
T3 | ||||||||||||||
 Geographical Regions | ||||||||||||||
Asian | 25 | 0.79 (0.73–0.84) | 87.43 | 0 | 0.84(0.87–0.81) | 73.88 | 0 | 5.03(4.26–5.95) | 58.26 | 0 | 0.25(0.20–0.31) | 89.45 | 0 | 0.89 |
European and African | 6 | 0.69 (0.56–0.80) | 72.39 | 0 | 0.81(0.67–0.90) | 80.6 | 0 | 3.66(1.73–7.74) | 77.04 | 0 | 0.38(0.23–0.63) | 82.33 | 0 | 0.81 |
 CTs with varying slice numbers | ||||||||||||||
≥ 64 | 9 | 0.79 (0.70–0.86) | 66.47 | 0 | 0.85(0.81–0.89) | 46.53 | 0.06 | 5.35(3.94–7.28) | 43.76 | 0 | 0.25(0.17–0.37) | 73.72 | 0 | 0.89 |
< 64 | 22 | 0.77 (0.70–0.82) | 89.2 | 0 | 0.83(0.79–0.87) | 79.55 | 0 | 4.66(3.7–5.86) | 67.91 | 0 | 0.28(0.21–0.36) | 90.32 | 0 | 0.88 |
 Sample size | ||||||||||||||
≥ 100 | 12 | 0.82(0.75–0.87) | 93.59 | 0 | 0.83(0.80–0.86) | 83.12 | 0 | 4.86(4.06–5.82) | 73.1 | 0 | 0.22(0.16–0.30) | 94.95 | 0 | 0.89 |
< 100 | 19 | 0.72 (0.65–0.78) | 52.02 | 0 | 0.86(0.80–0.89) | 70.26 | 0 | 5.07(3.47–7.40) | 62.12 | 0 | 0.32(0.25–0.41) | 63.14 | 0 | 0.85 |
 Types of Study Design | ||||||||||||||
prospective | 10 | 0.82(0.77–0.87) | 52.07 | 0.03 | 0.87(0.79–0.92) | 63.88 | 0 | 6.14(4.03–9.35) | 25.41 | 0.01 | 0.20(0.16–0.26) | 53.99 | 0.02 | 0.9 |
retrospective | 21 | 0.76(0.69–0.82) | 88.42 | 0 | 0.84(0.80–0.87) | 79.65 | 0 | 4.67(3.68–5.93) | 73.88 | 0 | 0.29(0.22–0.38) | 88.95 | 0 | 0.87 |
T4 | ||||||||||||||
 Geographical Regions | ||||||||||||||
Asian | 24 | 0.77(0.71–0.83) | 66.9 | 0 | 0.96(0.95–0.97) | 74.52 | 0 | 20.32(14.37–28.73) | 52.07 | 0 | 0.24(0.18–0.31) | 77.44 | 0 | 0.95 |
European and African | 6 | 0.78(0.44–0.94) | 83.86 | 0 | 0.95(0.89–0.98) | 81.45 | 0 | 15.32(5.91–39.72) | 67.75 | 0 | 0.24(0.07–0.75) | 91.17 | 0 | 0.96 |
 CTs with varying slice numbers | ||||||||||||||
≥ 64 | 8 | 0.73(0.55–0.86) | 74.76 | 0 | 0.95(0.89–0.97) | 74.74 | 0 | 13.39(7.50–23.91) | 23.36 | 0.02 | 0.28(0.16–0.49) | 88.17 | 0 | 0.94 |
< 64 | 22 | 0.77(0.69–0.74) | 74.01 | 0 | 0.96(0.95–0.98) | 74 | 0 | 21.41(14.43–31.78) | 55.17 | 0 | 0.24(0.17–0.33) | 82.74 | 0 | 0.97 |
 Sample size | ||||||||||||||
≥ 100 | 12 | 0.80(0.72–0.86) | 76.78 | 0 | 0.96(0.95–0.98) | 80.03 | 0 | 22.62(14.94–34.25) | 62.33 | 0 | 0.21(0.15–0.29) | 85.32 | 0 | 0.96 |
< 100 | 18 | 0.74(0.61–0.83) | 65.6 | 0 | 0.95(0.92–0.97) | 66.95 | 0 | 15.62(9.25–26.39) | 40.88 | 0 | 0.28(0.18–0.43) | 78.17 | 0 | 0.95 |
 Types of Study Design | ||||||||||||||
prospective | 10 | 0.77(0.64–0.86) | 73.93 | 0 | 0.96(0.95–0.97) | 0 | 0.74 | 20.41(14.18–29.37) | 80.56 | 0 | 0.24(0.15–0.39) | 80.56 | 0 | 0.97 |
retrospective | 20 | 0.77(0.68–0.84) | 73.2 | 0 | 0.96(0.93–0.97) | 83.23 | 0 | 15.7(11.16–28.29) | 70.8 | 0 | 0.24(0.17–0.34) | 85.17 | 0 | 0.95 |